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The density of a particular substance, under specific conditions, remains the same. Therefore, the density of a substance is one of its characteristic properties. It is different for different substances.
For example, the density of gold is 19300 kg/m3, while that of water is \(1000\) kg/m3. The density of a given sample of a material can help us to determine its purity. It is easy to express the density of a substance in comparison with that of water.
 
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Relative density
The relative density of a substance is the ratio of its density to that of water.
Relativedensity=DensityofasubstanceDensityofwater
 
The relative density has similar quantities in numerator and denominator. Therefore, it has no unit.
 
Example:
1. The density of water is 103 kg/m3. Find the density of silver, whose relative density is \(10.8\).
 
Given data:
Relative density of gold \(=\) \(10.8\)
Density of water \(=\) 103 kg/m3
  
To find: Density of the material
 
We know,
 
Relativedensity=DensityofasubstanceDensityofwater
 
Apply the known values,
 
10.8=Densityofgold103Bysimplifying,Densityofgold=10.8×103kg/m3